|
Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM; (アラビア語:حركة الشباب المجاهدين), '; (ソマリ語:''Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab''); "Mujahideen Youth Movement", "Movement of Striving Youth"), more commonly known as Al-Shabaab ((アラビア語:الشباب); meaning "The Youth" or "The Youngsters"), is a jihadist terrorist group based in East Africa. In 2012, it pledged allegiance to the militant Islamist organization Al-Qaeda. In February of the year, some of the group's leaders quarreled with Al-Qaeda over the union,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SomaliaReport: 23 February 2012 Daily Media Roundup )〕 and quickly lost ground. Al-Shabaab's troop strength was estimated at 7,000 to 9,000 militants in 2014.〔 As of 2015, the group has retreated from the major cities, controlling a few rural areas. Al-Shabaab is an offshoot of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which splintered into several smaller factions after its defeat in 2006 by Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the TFG's Ethiopian military allies.〔Abdisaid M. Ali 2008, ('The Al-Shabaab Al-Mujahidiin: A profile of the first Somali terrorist organisation' ), Institut für Strategie Politik Sicherheits und Wirtschaftsberatung (ISPSW), Berlin, Germany, June. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.〕 The group describes itself as waging jihad against "enemies of Islam", and is engaged in combat against the Federal Government of Somalia and the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Al-Shabaab has been designated as a terrorist organization by Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.〔〔 As of June 2012, the US State Department has open bounties on several of the group's senior commanders.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000059651&story_title=Somali-Al-Shabaab-camel-reward-for-Barack-Obama-%27absurd%27 )〕 In early August 2011, the Transitional Federal Government's troops and their AMISOM allies managed to capture all of Mogadishu from the Al-Shabaab militants. An ideological rift within the group's leadership also emerged, and several of the organization's senior commanders were assassinated. Due to its Wahhabi roots, Al Shabaab is hostile to Sufi traditions, and has often clashed with the militant Sufi group Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a. The group has also been suspected of having links with Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb and Boko Haram. Additionally, it attracted some members from western countries, notably Samantha Lewthwaite and Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki. In August 2014, the Somali government-led Operation Indian Ocean was launched to clean up the remaining insurgent-held pockets in the countryside. On 1 September 2014, a U.S. drone strike carried out as part of the broader mission killed Al-Shabaab leader Moktar Ali Zubeyr. U.S. authorities hailed the raid as a major symbolic and operational loss for Al-Shabaab, and the Somali government offered a 45-day amnesty to all moderate members of the militant group. Political analysts also suggested that the insurgent commander's death will likely lead to Al-Shabaab's fragmentation and eventual dissolution. ==Name== Al-Shabaab is also known as Ash-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic: "Party of the Youth"),〔("Washington's Self-Defeating Somalia Policy" ) Matt Bryden, CSIS Policy Forum〕 and the Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations (PRM). For short, the organization is referred to as HSM, which stands for "Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen". The term ''Shabaab'' means "youth" in Arabic, and the group should not be confused with similarly named groups. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Shabaab (militant group)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|